Epilepsy affects millions worldwide, yet myths, stigma, and lack of access to treatment continue to hinder proper care. During Epilepsy Week, experts like Professor Dali Magazi from the Neurological Association of South Africa highlight the urgent need for awareness and action.
Here are 7 key facts you should know about epilepsy:
1. The global treatment gap is alarmingly high
Between 80% and 90% of people with epilepsy worldwide do not receive the treatment they need. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy, the vast majority residing in low-income regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. In these low- and middle-income countries, 75% of patients lack access to essential antiseizure medications, increasing the risk of recurrent seizures.
2. Many people with epilepsy face misdiagnosis
A lack of neurologists, limited research, and resource constraints can lead to epilepsy being misdiagnosed or overlooked entirely. Proper diagnosis using clinical evaluation, brain imaging, and EEGs is essential for effective treatment.
3. Epilepsy has many causes
Epilepsy can develop due to head trauma, strokes, meningitis, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors. Identifying the cause is crucial for tailoring effective treatment.
3. Different types of epilepsy exist
Epilepsy manifests in various ways, including motor seizures (muscle stiffness or jerking), sensory seizures (loss of sensation), psychic seizures (confusion or altered perception), and autonomic seizures (affecting bodily functions like heart rate and digestion).
4. Childhood absence seizures are often misdiagnosed
Children with absence seizures experience frequent brief episodes of unconsciousness, which are sometimes mistaken for daydreaming. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent academic difficulties.
5. Sticking to medication is crucial
Stopping epilepsy medication abruptly or skipping doses can lead to life-threatening prolonged seizures (status epilepticus). Proper adherence significantly reduces seizure risks.
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6. Some cases of epilepsy are resistant to medication
If a patient continues to have seizures despite trying two different medications, they may have refractory epilepsy. In such cases, alternative treatments like ketogenic diets, nerve stimulation, or surgery may be considered.
7. External triggers can worsen seizures
Stress, infections, menstrual cycles, and drug interactions can all influence seizure frequency. Identifying personal triggers helps improve management.
Epilepsy doesn’t define a person’s potential. Athletes like Marion Clignet, who won multiple cycling world championships despite her diagnosis, prove that with proper treatment and support, people with epilepsy can thrive.
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Feature Image: Canva
