Painful sex, also known as ‘dyspareunia’ can have various potential causes. While it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, these are some of the common reasons why you may be struggling with pain during sex.
Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, or herpes, can cause inflammation and irritation, leading to pain during intercourse. Conversely, other infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or yeast infections, can also contribute to discomfort during sex.
Vaginal dryness
Vaginal dryness can be caused by hormonal changes in the body. Reduced oestrogen levels, which can occur during menopause, breastfeeding, or certain medical treatments, may lead to vaginal dryness. Even some medications, including certain birth control methods and antihistamines, can cause a decrease in natural lubrication.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID often results from untreated STIs, where bacteria ascend from the cervix to the uterus and other reproductive organs, causing inflammation and pain during intercourse. It’s crucial to see a medical professional to diagnose and treat PID correctly.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis involves the abnormal growth of tissue similar to the lining of the uterus outside the uterus. This tissue can cause pain, especially during intercourse, as it responds to hormonal changes.
Vaginismus
Vaginismus is characterised by the involuntary contraction of the muscles around the vagina, making penetration difficult or painful. Vaginismus can be linked to anxiety, fear, or past traumatic experiences.
Menopause
Reduced oestrogen levels during menopause can lead to changes in the vaginal tissues, including thinning and dryness, contributing to pain during sex.
Psychological factors
Mental health factors, such as stress, anxiety, or depression, can interfere with sexual arousal and response, leading to pain during intercourse. Conversely, past traumatic experiences, including sexual trauma, may contribute to psychological barriers that manifest as pain during sex.
Pelvic floor disorders
Conditions like pelvic floor dysfunction can result in spasms or weakness of the pelvic floor muscles, leading to pain or discomfort during sexual activity.
Certain medical treatments
Cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy can impact sexual function and cause vaginal dryness or discomfort. Additionally, certain surgical procedures, particularly those involving the reproductive or pelvic organs, can affect sexual function and cause pain.
It’s crucial to remember that each individual’s experience is unique, and a healthcare professional can provide personalised guidance and treatment based on the specific circumstances and underlying causes of painful sex.
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